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The Professional Security Testers Warehouse for the CEH GPEN QISP Q/ISP OPST CPTS: Wireless Vulnerability
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Russian researchers achieve 100-fold increase in WPA2 cracking speed Posted by cdupuis on Sunday, 26 October 2008 @ 23:46:35 EDT (368 reads) Topic Wireless Vulnerability
Russian researchers achieve 100-fold increase in WPA2 cracking speed Oct.12, 2008 in Security
http://securityandthe.net/2008/10/12/russian-researchers-achieve-100-fold-increase-in-wpa2-cracking-speed/
Russian security company Elcomsoft just posted a press release detailing a new method to crack WPA and WPA2 keys:
With the latest version of Elcomsoft Distributed Password Recovery, it is now possible to crack WPA and WPA2 protection on Wi-Fi networks up to 100 times quicker with the use of massively parallel computational power of the newest NVIDIA chips. Elcomsoft Distributed Password Recovery only needs a few packets intercepted in order to perform the attack.
The 100-fold increase in speed is achieved with two GeForct GTX280’s per workstation; for €599 you can build a network of 20 workstations dedicated to “recovering” your “lost” WPA keys. This means that a WPA or WPA2 key could be cracked in days or weeks instead of years.
This has prompted security firm GSS to advise their clients to add an additional layer of protection to their Wifi networks:
“This breakthrough in brute force decryption of Wi-Fi signals by Elcomsoft confirms our observations that firms can no longer rely on standards-based security to protect their data,” said GSS managing director David Hobson. “As a result, we now advise clients using Wi-Fi in their offices to move on up to a VPN encryption system as well.”
But the question remains how long it will take until the next generation of GPU’s or custom-designed chips will break VPN encryption as well. 3DES DES encryption can already be broken quite easily with custom-built machines, and while AES appears to be better on paper, there is no guarantee that there isn’t some hidden flaw in the algorithm. GSS agrees:
Hobson added that the development could spur a step back from wireless to wired network connection in sensitive installation, such as financial services organisations, particularly concerned about data privacy.
Update: This will, of course, mainly affect simple ascii keys. And it will only work against static keys; anyone using more complicated authentication schemes will not be at risk for now. But since that takes a couple of extra minutes when installing, smaller businesses or departments often skip setting this up.
MoocherHunter Tool released for Real-Time Geo-Locating of WiFi Hackers/Mooche Posted by boss on Friday, 23 May 2008 @ 22:15:13 EDT (1534 reads) Topic Wireless Vulnerability
Anonymous writes "Singapore, May 20, 2008 -- ThinkSECURE Pte Ltd (www.securitystartshere.org) today announced the official public release of MoocherHunter™, ThinkSECURE's free-for-end-user-use real-time WiFi moocher/hacker tracking tool.
"We developed MoocherHunter™ with two key purposes in mind: first, to assist law-enforcement officers in hunting down unauthorized WiFi users in real time, and second, to enable any owner of an 802.11-based wireless access point to identify whether an unauthorized person is using their access point and give them that same capability to hunt down those unauthorized users," said Mr. Julian Ho, ThinkSECURE's co-founder.
Completely designed from the ground up with purely in-house code, MoocherHunter™ was first demonstrated to ASEAN, Interpol and S.E.Asian law-enforcement officers during a closed-door, invitation-only workshop hosted by the Singapore Police Force in early 2008.
During developmental field tests in March 2008, a single ThinkSECURE employee armed with MoocherHunter™ and a directional antenna was able to isolate and geographically locate, with an average accuracy of under 2 meters, the physical position of a wireless moocher associated with a test access point across different multi-storied-multi-tenanted residential and office environments within an average of 30 minutes of initial detection.
"With MoocherHunter™, the physical disconnect between the wireless network infrastructure and the wireless moocher or hacker, which has been used by various individuals as a shield to mask illicit activities involving wireless networks such as warez-downloading, illegal-file-sharing, seditious forum postings and so on, is no longer a defence," said Mr. Ho.
"Our approach in designing MoocherHunter™ rectifies the weaknesses inherent in previous attempts to address geo-location of unauthorized wireless users which relied on static-positioned access points or expensive commercial handheld PDA devices with ineffective non-directional antennae. MoocherHunter™ is available as part of our free-to-use OSWA-Assistant™ wireless auditing and penetration-testing toolkit which can be used on a user's existing laptop...and free is always a good value proposition," Mr. Ho added.
MoocherHunter™ is available in the latest release of the OSWA-Assistant™, ThinkSECURE Pte Ltd's free-for-download wireless auditing and penetration-testing liveCD toolkit. The toolkit can be downloaded from http://oswa-assistant.securitystartshere.org .
For more details or if you are are a law-enforcement official or anyone who wants formal training on how to effectively deploy and use MoocherHunter™, please visit http://moocherhunter.securitystartshere.org ."
Anonymous writes "Folks,
I'm pleased to announce that I've finally got around to releasing PC/SC support for RFIDIOt. This means you can use lower cost reader/writers that are also much easier to find (although at the moment there are limitations as to what you can do with them, so they are not a complete alternative).
So far I've only tested the Omnikey Cardman 5321, which is a 13.56MHz device, and am able to access things like e-passports, Mifare cards and ISO 15693 (commonly used in ticketing and hotel doors etc.).
No doubt there are some simple tweaks that would enable more of the other test programs to work but I felt there was enough here to get people started so didn't want to delay the release any further...
Full list of changes in this release:
v0.p add PCSC support and http://pyscard.sourceforge.net/) [hints/tips/inspiration Henryk Plötz] fix cardselect.py and multiselect.py to check for presence of card fix 'waitfor/do nothing' in RFIDIOt.py [Philippe Biondi] cleaner check digit calc in mrpkey.py [Philippe Biondi] change -r to -R (reader type) to allow -r to be used for PCSC compatibility add speed/framesize reporting to mrpkey.py increase MAX read chunk size to 118 in mrpkey.py (needs fixing to go up to device supported size ISO_FRAMESIZE) fix bit allignment issue in FDXBID encoding/decoding [Matsche] add global uid variable add locked block reporting to readmifare add readmifaresimple.py
Full details here:
http://rfidiot.org
enjoy, Adam -- Adam Laurie Tel: +44 (0) 1304 814800 The Bunker Secure Hosting Ltd. Fax: +44 (0) 1304 814899 Ash Radar Station Marshborough Road Sandwich mailto:adam@thebunker.net Kent CT13 0PL UNITED KINGDOM "
Anonymous writes "  |  | | Security: Cracking Cisco LEAP with ASLEAP | This is a 14 minute video well worth the viewing for anybody who wants to learn about WLAN security more or needs to understand how their networks might be vulnerable. Learn how hackers work so you can protect your network!
This video was created by wireless guru Devin Akin, CTO of CWNP. Watch the 30 second preview at the URL below, then buy the entire video for $4.99.
Check it out now |  | | New: Wi-FiGurus.com | Wi-FiGurus (www.wi-figurus.com), the Community of Wi-Fi Professionals, is now offering free access to Wireless LAN Concepts, a comprehensive video based e-learning course, and Top 25 Wi-Fi Tutorial Pack, a PDF download, for its registered users. The Wi-FiGurus site includes regularly updated podcasts, interviews, tutorials, online video based training, quizzes, quick tips, news and more. The users can not only comment, rate and vote on the content posted on the site but also build and showcase their profile, submit their own content for publication, and network with other users on the site.
Visit Now |  | | New White Paper: Intel/Cisco WLAN Deployment Guide | In a new white paper co-sponsored by Intel and Cisco, the two tech giants both recommend training and certification for wireless, and specifically training and certification from CWNP.
Read this new 32 page white paper and discover the Six Phases of Wireless Deployment.
Read Now |  | | Tutorial: Learning to Share Your Wi-Fi | In any given location, chances are that personal Wi-Fi networks outnumber hotspots. So wouldn't it be nice if some of those private networks were made available for use by people who need Internet access?
Read Now | | Recertify and save 20% on your exam.
If you earned one of your CWNP Certifications before September, 2004, you will need to recertify soon. Login to the CWNP Tracking System to find your recertification date. | | |  | | Upcoming Classes | Here is a sample list of upcoming CWNP Classes. Check here for a full list.
| LEVER Technology Group, PLC | CWSP | 20-Aug-2007 | London, GREAT BRITAIN | | AirSpy/SpectraLink | CWNA | 13-Aug-2007 | Atlanta, Georgia USA | | C3-Wireless | CWNA | 23-Jul-2007 | Melbourne, Florida USA | | Eight-O-Two Technology Solutions | CWNA | 21-Aug-2007 | San Diego, California USA | | Integrated Digital Technologies | CWNA | 23-Jul-2007 | Pasadena, California USA | | Security University | Bootcamp | 14-Jul-2007 | Vienna, Virginia USA | | Wavegard, Inc. | CWNA | 20-Aug-2007 | Baltimore, Maryland USA | | Comsec Wireless | CWNA | 06-Aug-2007 | Anchorage, Alaska USA | | Globeron | Bootcamp | 13-Aug-2007 | INGAPORE | | itMasterclass.nl | CWNA | 01-Oct-2007 | Leusden, Utr NETHERLANDS | | | "
SSID Cloaking actually reduces your WIFI security Posted by boss on Monday, 05 March 2007 @ 21:40:31 EST (453 reads) Topic Wireless Vulnerability
cdupuis writes "NOTE FROM CLEMENT: Here is a repost of a great post from my friend Joshua Wright on the wifi security mailing list.
While many networks use SSID cloaking as a mechanism to improve the security of the network, I believe it actually reduces the security of the network substantially.
I wrote an article for Network World that was posted today about this issue:
http://www.networkworld.com/columnists/2007/030507-wireless-security.html
The most significant issue is that with the recent Windows XP SP2 hotfix KB917021, the preferred network list for WZC allows users to specify "Connect even if this network is not broadcasting". When this option is selected (not the default), stations will look for the network with directed probe requests (disclosing the SSID's in the PNL, and exposing the station to KARMA and Hotspotter attacks).
When the option is not on, the station will only connect when it observes the SSID in beacons and from responses following a broadcast probe request frame. Of course, if the SSID is cloaked, the station will be unable to connect, forcing them to use the "Connect even if ..." option, and exposing them to KARMA attacks.
This hotfix has not yet been distributed as part of the automatic update service from Microsoft. Several other facets of WZC has changed with this update, including how ad-hoc networks are started to mitigate the spread of the "Free Public WiFi" phenomenon. If you are responsible for Windows XP wireless stations, and you haven't read up on this hotfix yet, take a few minutes to do so: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/917021.
On an unrelated note, dragorn and I will be presenting at Shmoocon this year about LORCON, our framework for experimentation in wireless networks. If anyone is going to be at Shmoocon and wants to grab a drink or something, drop me a note.
- -Josh "
WCCD Vulnerability Update (10 August 2006) Posted by boss on Friday, 11 August 2006 @ 09:50:01 EDT (520 reads) Topic Wireless Vulnerability
Anonymous writes "WCCD Vulnerability Update: (10 August 2006)
Latest Intel chipset IntelR PRO/Wireless 2200BG driver version 9.0.4.17 (dated 26 June 2006) downloaded off Intel's website is STILL affected by the WEP Client Communications Dumbdown vulnerability.
Tested using Windows XP SP2 zeroconfig.
More details at: http://securitystartshere.net/page-vulns-wccd.htm "
cdupuis writes "NOTE FROM CLEMENT: A great webcast you do not want to miss. My friend Joshua Wright will be talking about emerging wireless attack. Joshua is god at finding wireless vulnerability. A webcast worth watching for sure. Here is Josh email about it followed by the formal announcement:
I'm participating in a webcast next week to talk about some research I've been doing on emerging 802.11 attacks with colleagues from Juniper and IGX.
The marketing people at Aruba say I have to spend a few slides talking about our products, but then my material is all wireless-attacks, I promise. :)
Specifically, I'm going to talk about attacking preferred network lists with KARMA, hotspot injection attacks with AirPWN and 802.11 protocol fuzzing research.
I've also seen the slides from Bob Spognardi at Juniper and I'm personally excited to hear what he has to say about federal data privacy requirements and wireless networking.
If you are interested in catching the webcast, you can sign up at www.ihavebeenhacked.com (no, really).
Thanks, Josh
Here is the formal announcement: Please join your peers and the members of igxglobal, Aruba and Juniper Networks for a Live Lunch and Learn Webinar:
* igxglobal will discuss identification and mitigation ofvulnerabilities over the air and best practices.* Juniper Networks will talk about their Funk Software Product securing wireless LAN and Data Privacy.
* Aruba will talk about Emerging 802.11 Attacks. Mr. Barry Johnson, igxglobal's Director of Threat Mitigation, will share his extensive 15 year experience in assisting major corporations as well as the government sector in developing, implementing and educating clients on security risks, compliance and regulatory standards such as GLBA, HIPAA, SOX, PCI and others to assist in securing their IT environments.
Mr. Bob Spognardi, Northeast Sales Manager from Juniper Networks brings an extensive background in the Security Arena now passionately representing Funk Software. Mr. Spognardi worked in sales for information security companies for the past 10 years. Since 2002, has been the northeast sales manager for Funk Software (now Juniper Networks). Before Funk, worked in sales for Sonicwall, Netscreen and RSA Security.
Mr. Josh Wright is a Senior Security Architect for Aruba Networks and the author of several open-source wireless security assessment tools designed to illustrate and raise awareness of common vulnerabilities in wireless networks. His current assignment includes research into new techniques used by attackers to compromise the security of wireless networks including IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth LANs. When not breaking wireless networks, he practices Aiki-Jutsu, where he tries not to break things.
About igxglobal: Go to www.igxglobal.com About Juniper Networks: Go to www.juniper.net About Aruba: Go to www.arubanetworks.com
If you have any questions please contact: Katarina Almqvist at: Phone: 201-615-3458 E-mail: kalmqvist@igxglobal.com or Website: www.ihavebeenhacked.com When: Wednesday June 14th, 12.00 - 1.00pm
Attendees will have the chance to win a free external scan for up to 6 ip-addresses, iPod or a $200 American Express Gift Certificate at the end of the Q/A Session.
Agenda: 12.00 pm - 12.05 pm Webinar Introduction by Victor Machado, Security Sales Professional,
igxglobal. 12.05 pm - 12.20 pm Identity & Information Theft over the Air and Best Practices. Speaker: Barry Johnson, Director of Threat Mitigation, igxglobal.
12.20 pm - 12.35 pm Secure Wireless Lan Authentication and Data Privacy. Speaker: Bob Spognardi, Northeast Regional Sales Manager Juniper Networks.
12.35 pm - 12.55 pm Emerging 802.11 Attacks. Speaker: Josh Wright, Senior Security Architect for Aruba Networks.
12.55 pm - 01.00 pm Questions & Answers with Victor Machado, igxglobal, Juniper and Aruba. "
NIST Guide to IEEE 802.11i Robust Security Networks Posted by boss on Tuesday, 06 June 2006 @ 09:03:48 EDT (470 reads) Topic Wireless Vulnerability
cdupuis writes " June 5, 2006 NIST Draft Special Publication 800-97 Guide to IEEE 802.11i: Robust Security Networks Adobe
PDF<http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/Draft-SP800-97.pdf> (4.52 MB)
Zipped Adobe PDF<http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/Draft-SP800-97_pdf.zip> (3.52 MB)
NIST
is pleased to announce the release of draft Special Publication (SP)
800-97, Guide to IEEE 802.11i: Robust Security Networks.
SP 800-97
provides detailed information on the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11i standard for wireless local area
network (WLAN) security.
IEEE 802.11i provides security
enhancements over the previous 802.11 security method, Wired Equivalent
Privacy (WEP), which has several well-documented security deficiencies. IEEE 802.11i introduces a range of new security features
that are designed to overcome the shortcomings of WEP. This document
explains these security features and provides specific recommendations
to ensure the security of the WLAN operating environment. It gives
extensive guidance on protecting the confidentiality and integrity of
WLAN communications, authenticating users and devices using several
methods, and incorporating WLAN security considerations into each phase
of the WLAN life cycle.
The document complements, and does
not replace, NIST SP 800-48, Wireless Network Security: 802.11,
Bluetooth and Handheld Devices.
NIST requests comments on NIST SP 800-97 by July 7, 2006.
Please submit comments to : 800-97comments@nist.gov with "Comments SP800-97/802.11i" in the subject line"
Practical Wireless Deployment Methodology (PWDM) Posted by boss on Thursday, 19 January 2006 @ 08:22:32 EST (497 reads) Topic Wireless Vulnerability
Anonymous writes "Hi Everyone,
We've launched a hardware-neutral wireless deployment/upgrading methodology at http://www.pwdm.net and would like some feedback on whether it is useful to you and how we can make it more so.
The PWDM (Practical Wireless Deployment Methodology) is a practical, vendor-independent, high-level framework/methodology which is intended to help people who are tasked with deploying, upgrading, maintaining & securing 802.11-based WLANs, irrespective of whether they are private (SOHO, enterprise, home) or public (hotspots) in nature.
The methodology comprises the following steps: * Deployment Analysis * Contractual Negotiation * Deployment Tactical Planning * Deployment Procedural Rollout * Supporting Infrastructure Rollout * AP Security Issues * Layer 3 Mitigation Strategies * Management Overlay * Gateway Security * UAT & Commissioning
If you're interested in taking a look, you can download the current version of the PWDM (ver 1.4) at http://www.pwdm.net"
WEP Client Communication Dumbdown (WCCD) Vulnerability Posted by boss on Monday, 16 January 2006 @ 16:54:13 EST (814 reads) Topic Wireless Vulnerability
Anonymous writes "ThinkSECURE Pte Ltd (http://www.securitystartshere.net) has released details of a client-side wireless vulnerability which affects wireless users who are still using WEP.
More details including mitigation actions are available at our website at: http://www.securitystartshere.net/page-vulns-wccd.htm
### Vulnerability Name ### WEP-Client-Communication-Dumbdown (WCCD) Vulnerability
### Vulnerability Description ### ThinkSECURE has discovered that certain well-known wireless chipsets, using vulnerable drivers under the Windows XP operating system and when configured to use WEP with Open Authentication, can be tricked by a 802.11-based wireless client adapter operating in master mode ("the attacker") to discard the WEP settings and negotiate a post-association conection with the attacker in the clear.
We have named this vulnerability as the "WEP-client-communication-dumbdown" (wccd) vulnerability.
This vulnerability is apparently not due to Windows itself but due to the operation of the drivers for the affected wireless cards. However, this does not discount a situation where a patch could be released by Microsoft to deal with the problem on the chipset makers' behalf. Again, this is apparently NOT a Windows problem but a wireless chipset driver-related one.
End-users of the system would not notice any difference about the clear connection that was being established. Although WPA/2 & WPA-PSK have been out for some time now, in our experience there is still a large installed client base who are still using WEP-enabled Access Points and thus have WEP-enabled profiles setup in their laptops. This installed base is vulnerable.
### Vulnerability Impact ### The vulnerability was observed in a Windows XP wireless client configuration with the vulnerable drivers and with the following setups: 1. Profile configured using Windows XP zero configuration as well as using the vulnerable drivers' bundled wireless client managers; 2. Profile configured to use WEP with static WEP key & Open Authentication.
Using ThinkSECURE's recently-released security auditor's tool - probemapper - one can remotely evaluate the SSID and capabilities of wireless profiles from probe requests and assess whether the subject is probing for any Open-Authentication-WEP-encryption-enabled wireless networks.
When a Windows XP client using a vulnerable chipset driver is configured as outlined above via their wireless profiles ("the victim"), the victim will send out probe requests bearing the SSID configured in the wireless profile.
An attacker who detects the probe request frames coming from the configured profile can configure a master-mode-enabled wireless card with the detected SSID of the probe request frames and, using Open Authentication with no-encryption, send probe responses to the victim.
The victim will then initiate authentication and association, sending an association request frame with the Privacy Bit set to 1 (AP/STA can support WEP).
The attacker returns an association response frame with Privacy Bit set to 0 (AP/STA cannot support WEP).
Although the correct behavior should be to not establish any communication due to the difference between association request and response Privacy Bits, the victim "dumbs-down" and establishes an un-encrypted communications session to match the attacker's Privacy Bit setting of 0, thus ignoring the WEP settings as configured in the client's profile. All traffic to & from this connection will be sent in the clear.
A victim who has a vulnerable wireless network at home and brings a laptop bearing the profile of said home wireless network to his/her organization and plugs in using a wired connection may be attacked in this manner and used as a conduit by the attacker, through the bridging of the laptop's wireless interface to the wired interface, to the victim's organization's wired network, thus bypassing corporate perimeter defences. It is irrelevant that the organization does not use wireless or has a no-wireless policy if that policy is not strictly enforced through proactive checking.
Also, firewalling on the victim's laptop might not guarantee safety in certain cases: e.g. the attacker issues an IP address and gateway address to the victim in response to the victim's typical DHCP request upon association so as to fool the victim's machine into forwarding all traffic to the attacker's machine. The result is that, when the victim opens up a web browser for example, he will see a crafted page bearing malicious code on the attacker's machine which runs exploit code on the victim's machine (a good example being the recent WMF vulnerability) to give the attacker a reverse shell into the victim, where the attacker can then do the bridging of the interface or anything else he wants.
### Vulnerability Cause ### In our testing, we have narrowed down the cause of the problem to stem from the way certain chipset manufacturer drivers deployed for the Windows platform operate in handling an association.
Affected chipset manufacturer(s) have been notified via their website contact addresses.
In the interests of responsible disclosure, we will not be stating which chipset drivers which we tested as vulnerable for a minimum period of 14 days after this vulnerability advisory, thus giving time for the notified vendors to issue non-vulnerable drivers. (dated 16 Jan 2006)
### Vulnerability Discovery Acknowledgment ### Christopher Low & Julian Ho of ThinkSECURE Pte Ltd discovered and researched this vulnerability from Dec 2005 to 15 Jan 2006."
"
Anonymous writes "
NOTE FROM CLEMENT: Wireless Intrusion Prevention or Session Containement what a series of buzz word.  See a very interesting article below that was reported on the SecuriTeam mailing list. This article was written by Joshua Wright, I had the opportunity or working daily with Joshua when I was at SANS, he is an EXTREMELY smart person who specialize in wireless security. Josh has this given gift of finding vulnerabilities in different vendors implementation, a must read article for anyone interested in wireless security. See article below and do follow the link at the bottom for more details and information:
Session containment (also known as wireless intrusion prevention) is a technique implemented by wireless LAN IDS vendors to prevent unauthorized stations from connecting to an authorized or rogue access point. A denial of service vulnerability with some WLAN Session Containment implementations allows attacker to disconnect all connected users from the WLAN.
When a WLAN IDS identifies an unauthorized station on a wireless network, it may attempt to prevent the station from accessing network resources. This is accomplished by mounting a denial of service (DoS) attack against the rogue access point or station, leveraging weaknesses in the IEEE 802.11 specification to disconnect one or more users from the wireless network.
When the disconnect message is repeated continuously, the rogue station is unable to connect to the wireless network, preventing a potential network intrusion.
When implementing a mechanism to disconnect users from a protected access point, vendors must consider several factors:
 * Preventing unauthorized access. The goal of session containment against an unauthorized station is to stop access to the distribution system or wired network. The selection of a technique that reliably stops access to the network is a major consideration for the WLAN IDS vendor.
 * Minimizing impact to the wireless spectrum or channel. A WLAN IDS vendor can easily prevent all access to a monitored access point by implementing a denial of service attack against the wireless spectrum, such as an RF jamming attack. This has the negative side-affect of preventing all access to the spectrum, including potentially authorized stations and access points that are accessing a nearby production network. A WLAN IDS vendor must implement a technique to disconnect unauthorized stations with minimal impact t o other production wireless networks.
 * Limiting DoS scope to designated stations. A vendor may opt to provide sufficient fidelity in their session containment implementation such that they can disconnect a single unauthorized station, preserving the connectivity of other authorized users. This requirement will also influence the implementation of the session disconnect technique.
Considering these implementation factors, vendors have implemented session containment by transmitting spoofed deauthenticate and/or disassociate management frames. By transmitting these frames with a spoofed source MAC address of the access point or victim station, a WLAN IDS vendor can force a client to disconnect from the network, forcing them to repeat the IEEE 8 0 2 . 1 1 authentication and association process to regain access to the network. By repeating the transmission of these frames, a WLAN IDS can sustain a DoS attack against a target MAC address, preventing access to the network.
The following trace is an example of one vendor's implementation of session containment against a rogue station: 1. 00:90:4b:2d:65:24 -> 00:12:17:9f:08:73 ICMP Echo (ping) request 2. 00:12:17:9f:08:73 -> 00:90:4b:2d:65:24 ICMP Echo (ping) reply 3. 00:12:17:9f:08:71 -> ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff IEEE 802.11 Deauthentication 4. 00:90:4b:2d:65:24 -> ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff IEEE 802.11 Probe Request, SSID: "linksys-a" 5. 00:12:17:9f:08:71 -> 00:90:4b:2d:65:24 IEEE 802.11 Probe Response, SSID: "linksys-a" 6. 00:12:17:9f:08:71 -> ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff IEEE 802.11 Deauthentication 7. 00:90:4b:2d:65:24 -> 00:12:17:9f:08:71 IEEE 802.11 Authentication 8. 00:12:17:9f:08:71 -> 00:90:4b:2d:65:24 IEEE 802.11 Authentication 9. 00:90:4b:2d:65:24 -> 00:12:17:9f:08:71 IEEE 802.11 Reassociation Request, SSID: "linksys-a" 10. 00:12:17:9f:08:71 -> 00:90:4b:2d:65:24 IEEE 802.11 Reassociation Response 11. 00:12:17:9f:08:71 -> ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff IEEE 802.11 Deauthentication
In this trace, an authenticated, associated station at 00:90:4b:2d:65:24 is exchanging ICMP echo request and response traffic with another station at 00:12:17:9f:08:73. After the ICMP exchange, a deauthenticate request is sent to the broadcast address from the access point at 00:12:17:9f:08:71, which causes the wireless station to reconnect to the network beginning with a probe request frame. A second deauthenticate notice is transmitted in frame 6.
this frame is transmitted before the station re-authenticates to the network, it is silently ignored, and the station continues the authentication and re-association process. The deauthenticate frame transmitted in frame 11 does successfully disconnect the client, forcing them to repeat the connect process.
In this case, the deauthenticate frames are transmitted by the WLAN IDS sensor with a spoofed source MAC address of the access point. This makes the station believe that the access point is disconnecting them from the network, forcing them to reconnect. Sustaining these spoofed frames will keep the station from being able to transmit on the network. This technique is employed by most vendors to implement session containment, with minor variations.
Additional Information: The information has been provided by Joshua Wright . The original article can be found at: http://i.cmpnet.com/nc/1612/graphics/SessionContainment_file.pdf and at http://www.nwc.com/shared/article/printFullArticle.jhtml?articleID=164302965. "
Bluesnarfer - A Bluesnarfing Utility Posted by boss on Tuesday, 08 March 2005 @ 14:11:31 EST (4754 reads) Topic Wireless Vulnerability
What is Bluesnarfing? Serious flaws in Bluetooth security lead to disclosure of personal data
Summary In November 2003, Adam Laurie of A.L. Digital Ltd. discovered that there are serious flaws in the authentication and/or data transfer mechanisms on some Bluetooth enabled devices. Specifically, three vulnerabilities have been found:
First, confidential data can be obtained, anonymously, and without the owner's knowledge or consent, from some Bluetooth enabled mobile phones. This data includes, at least, the entire phonebook and calendar, and the phone's IMEI.
Second, it has been found that the complete memory contents of some mobile phones can be accessed by a previously trusted ("paired") device that has since been removed from the trusted list. This data includes not only the phonebook and calendar, but media files such as pictures and text messages. In essence, the entire device can be "backed up" to an attacker's own system.
Third, access can be gained to the AT command set of the device, giving full access to the higher level commands and channels, such as data, voice and messaging. This third vulnerability was identified by Martin Herfurt, and they have since started working together on finding additional possible exploits resulting from this vulnerability. Finally, the current trend for "Bluejacking" is promoting an environment which puts consumer devices at greater risk from the above attacks.
The SNARF attack: It is possible, on some makes of device, to connect to the device without alerting the owner of the target device of the request, and gain access to restricted portions of the stored data therein, including the entire phonebook (and any images or other data associated with the entries), calendar, real time clock, business card, properties, change log, IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity, which uniquely identifies the phone to the mobile network, and is used in illegal phone 'cloning'). This is normally only possible if the device is in "discoverable" or "visible" mode, but there are tools available on the Internet that allow even this safety net to be bypassed. Further details will not be released at this time (see below for more on this), but the attack can and will be demonstrated to manufacturers and press if required.
For more information see: http://www.thebunker.net/security/bluetooth.htm
The Tool: Bluesnarfer will download the phonebook of any mobile device vulnerable to bluesnarfing.
For more information on Bluetooth hacking, see the following whitepaper (with proof of concept): http://www.alighieri.org/tools/bluetooth.tar.gz
Download Information: The tool's source code can be found at: http://www.alighieri.org/tools/bluesnarfer.tar.gz The tool compiles under Linux with kernel bluetooth support. (The tool require kernel headers).
Additional Information: To keep updated with the tool visit the project's homepage at: http://www.alighieri.org/project.html
Offline WPA-PSK auditing tool (coWPAtty) Posted by boss on Friday, 12 November 2004 @ 14:51:27 EST (1715 reads) Topic Wireless Vulnerability
Anonymous writes "
NOTE FROM CLEMENT: Another neat tool has been launched by my friend Joshua Wright who is a Wireless Guru extraordinaire. When I was working with him on the Courseware Development team at SANS, we used to tell him that he is supposed to write about Wifi Vulnerabilities and NOT find new one all the time. Here is the announcement on his latest tool: coWPatty
A while back, Robert Moskowitz published a paper titled "Weakness in Passphrase Choice in WPA Interface" [1] that described a dictionary attack against wireless networks using the TKIP protocol with a pre-shared key (PSK).
Even though the WPA-PSK authentication mechanism was intended to be used solely for consumer networks, I've seen a surprising number of SMB and Enterprise networks that have adopted it, presumably for its ease of use.
Fortunately, offline dictionary attacks are not terribly effective against WPA-PSK networks, due to the IEEE selection of the pbkdf2 algorithm for PSK hashing. For a dictionary attack to be effective, it must take each dictionary word and perform 4096 iterations of HMAC-SHA1 with two nonce values and the supplicant and authenticator MAC addresses. I've optimized the ipad and opad calculations in an attempt to optimize this process, but I'm only able to accommodate approximately 70 words/second on a Pentium 4 3.8 GHz system (5570 bogomips).
Max Moser offered to host coWPAtty for me, available at http://www.remote-exploit.org/?page=codes. coWPAtty was written for Linux systems; please let me know if you get it running on other platforms as well. More information is available in the README and FAQ files included in the tarball.
Thanks,
-Josh [1] http://wifinetnews.com/archives/002452.html
-Joshua Wright jwright@hasborg.comÂ
http://home.jwu.edu/jwright/ pgpkey: http://home.jwu.edu/jwright/pgpkey.htm fingerprint: FDA5 12FC F391 3740 E0AE BDB6 8FE2 FC0A D44B 4A73
Today I stumbled across the world's largest hotspot. The SSID is "linksys" "
Asleap -- Cisco LEAP attack tool Posted by boss on Wednesday, 14 April 2004 @ 01:51:18 EDT (1171 reads) Topic Wireless Vulnerability
In August 2003, I wrote a tool called asleap for Linux systems to exploit a weakness in the Cisco LEAP authentication protocol. Using this tool, an attacker can actively compromise Cisco LEAP networks by mounting an offline dictionary attack against weak user passwords. In my testing, I was able to search through large dictionary files very quickly for user passwords (~45 million passwords per second on meager hardware.)
A quick summary of asleap features are as follows:
+ Can read live from any wireless interface in RFMON mode with libpcap. + Can monitor a single channel, or perform channel hopping to look for target networks running LEAP. + Will actively deauthenticate users on LEAP networks, forcing them to reauthenticate. This makes the capture of LEAP passwords very fast. + Will only deauth users who have not already been seen, doesn't waste time on users who are not running LEAP. + Can read from stored libpcap files, or AiroPeek NX files (1.X or 2.X files). + Uses a dynamic database table and index to make lookups on large files very fast. Reduces the worst-case search time to .0015% as opposed to lookups in a flat file. + Can write *just* the LEAP exchange information to a libpcap file. This could be used to capture LEAP credentials with a device short on disk space (like an iPaq), and then process the LEAP credentials stored in the libpcap file on a system with more storage resources to mount the dictionary attack.
Upon advising the Cisco PSIRT team, I was asked to wait for six months until February 2004 before making the tool publicly available. In the end of January 2004, Cisco PSIRT asked me to wait another few months while they finished testing the EAP-FAST protocol, the designated replacement for the flawed LEAP protocol.
After working out a release date with Cisco, I am making the source for asleap v1.0 available including a partial-functionality Win32 port. I encourage LEAP users to install and use asleap to evaluate the risks of using LEAP as a mechanism to protect the security of wireless networks.
Windows users can use third-party wireless sniffer tools including AiroPeek NX to capture the LEAP authentication exchange to test the security of LEAP user passwords.
The source and Win32 binary distribution are available at http://asleap.sourceforge.net, along with documentation and a user-support mailing list. I welcome your comments, suggestions or bug reports.
-Josh
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